CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PART I PRELIMINARY 1 I. THE TRAINING OF GARIBALDI 7 II. ANITA — THE LIFE IN SOUTH AMERICA AND THE RETURN TO ITALY 36 III. ITALY'S FAILURE IN 1848 43 IV. CONDITION OF THE ROMAN STATES UNDER THE PAPACY, 1815-46 — PIO NONO AND THE REFORM MOVEMENTS, 1846-48 51 V. THE DEMOCRATIC PROTEST IN CENTRAL ITALY, OCTOBER 1848-FEBRUARY 1849 — MURDER OF ROSSI — FORMATION OF GARIBALDI' S LEGION — THE ROMAN REPUBLIC 70 VI. THE REPUBLIC, MAZZINI, AND THE POWERS — OUDINOT ADVANCES ON ROME 93 PART II THE DEFENCE OF ROME VII. THE THIRTIETH OF APRIL 114 VIII. GARIBALDI IN THE NEAPOLITAN CAMPAIGN — PALESTRINA AND VELLETRI, MAY 1849 135 IX. THE THIRD OF JUNE — VILLA CORSINI 161 X. THE SIEGE OF ROME, JUNE 4-29 194 XI. THE LAST ASSAULT, JUNE 30 — FALL OF ROME — DEPARTURE OF GARIBALDI 217 PART III GARIBALDI’S RETREAT AND ESCAPE XII. THE RETREAT, I. — ROME TO AREZZO— ESCAPE PROM THE FRENCH, SPANIARDS, AND NEAPOLITANS 237 XIII. THE RETREAT, II. — FROM TUSCANY TO THE BORDERS OF SAN MARINO — THROUGH THE AUSTRIAN ARMIES 258 XIV. SAN MARINO AND CESENATICO, JULY 31-AUGUST 1 273 XV. THE DEATH OF ANITA 288 XVI. THE ESCAPE OF GARIBALDI 300 XVII. THE EMBARKATION — SEPTEMBER 2, 1849 319 EPILOGUE 324 LIST OF SOME OF THE OFFICERS WHO DEFENDED ROME IN 1849 325 APPENDICES 327 A DRESS AND APPEARANCE OF GARIBALDI IN 1849 327 B NUMBER OF TROOPS ENGAGED ON APRIL 30 328 C CAPTURE OF THE FRENCH PRISONERS, APRIL 30 329 D TREATMENT OF FRENCH PRISONERS ON APRIL 30 332 E THE COMMAND-IN-CHIEF AND THE VELLETRI EXPEDITION 334 F 1 THE FIRST STRUGGLES FOR THE PAMFILI AND CORSINI, BEFORE GARIBALDI’S ARRIVAL 335 F 2 STRUCTURE OF THE VILLA CORSINI 336 G GARIBALDI’S USE OF THE BERSAGLIERI ON JUNE 3 337 H DEATH OF MASINA 339 I NUMBERS OF THE ROMAN ARMY DURING THE SIEGE 34O J DAMAGE DONE BY THE BOMBARDMENT INCIDENTAL TO THE SIEGE OF ROME 343 K THE NUMBERS OF THE KILLED AND WOUNDED 344 L OUDINOT’S GOOD FAITH 346 M ENGLAND AND AUSTRIAN ATROCITIES 348 N HUGH FORBES 349 O CAPTURE OF THE BRAGOZZI AND LANDING OF THE GARIBALDIANS 35I LIST OF PRINTED MATTER AND MSS. CONSULTED BY THE AUTHOR 354-374 INDEX 373 LIST OF PLATES GARIBALDI Frontispisce ONE OF THE ORIGINAL 'RED SHIRTS.' GARIBALDI'S OR ITALIAN LEGION OF MONTEVIDEO, 1846 facing 35 MONTEVIDEAN SOLDIER WITH ‘PONCHO' (CLOAK) 35 ‘GAUCHO’ CAVALRYMAN IN SERVICE OF MONTEVIDEO, 1846 36 STATUE OF UGO BASSI, BOLOGNA 77 SCENE IN ROME, WINTER, 1848-49 87 GIUSEPPE MAZZINI 97 From a Picture by Madame Venturi, from a Photograph by Messrs. Moult & Fox, 1870 Piccadilly. TYPES OF THE DEFENDERS OF ROME, 1849 100 ORDERLY OF GARIBALDI IN ROME, 1849 100 GARIBALDI IN 1849 117 From a Contemporary Print. GARIBALDI’S LEGION IN ROME 118 ‘BOMBA' AT DINNER, MAY 1849 142 CARICATURE OF A NEAPOLITAN SOLDIER 157 PORTA SAN PANCRAZIO FROM INSIDE ON JUNE 3, 1849 173 THE DEATH ANGLE 179 From Werner. (q. v. p. 371, below) VILLA CORSINI (QUATTRO VENTI) 186 From Werner. 'BOMBA' TEACHING PIO NONO TO BOMBARD HIS SUBJECTS 196 THE VASCELLO DURING THE SIEGE facing 200 From Werner. VILLA SAVORELLI AND BATTERY IN THE CASA MERLUZZO BASTION 202 From Werner. REAR OF SECOND ROMAN LINE OF DEFENCE, JUNE 22-30 211 From Andrese (q. v. p. 372, below). THE VASCELLO IN 1906 213 From a Photograph by Miss Dorothy Ward. INSIDE THE VASCELLO, 1906 213 From a Photograph by Miss Dorothy Ward. CASA MERLUZZO AND BREACH OF BASTION, STORMED JUNE 29-3O 217 From Werner. VILLA SPADA, DEFENDED BY MANARA’S BERSAGLIERI, JUNE 30, 1849 223 From Werner. CAPTURED ROMAN BATTERY ON THE AURELIAN WALL 228 From Werner. A TOWER OF SAN MARINO AND VIEW OF SEAWARD PLAIN BELOW PRECIPICE 264 From a Photograph by Mr. Hilton Young. MONASTERY OF CITERNA, WITH EDGE OF ANITA’S BOWER 264 From a Photograph by Mr. Hilton Young. ST. ANGELO IN VADO 269 From a Photograph by Mr. Hilton Young. CITERNA ON THE HILL 269 From a Photograph by Mr. Hilton Young. MACERATA FELTRIA 272 From a Photograph by Mr. Hilton Young. CITADEL OF SAN MARINO, ON EDGE OF PRECIPICE 272 From a Photograph by Mr. Hilton Young. CAPPUCCINI MONASTERY, SAN MARINO 275 From a Photograph by Mr. Hilton Young. GATE OF SAN MARINO facing 275 From a Photograph by Mr, Hilton Young. MAIN STREET OF CESENATICO 283 From a Photograph by Mr. Hilton Young. A 'BRAGOZZO' BETWEEN CESENATICO AND THE MOLE AT THE HARBOUR ENTRANCE 283 From a Photograph by Mr. Hilton Young LIST OF MAPS ITALY, SPRING 1848 AND AUTUMN 1849 facing 9 For Chaps. I. and III. PART OF SOUTH AMERICA 21 For Chaps. I. and II. ROME, 1849 125 For Chaps. VII.-XI. ENVIRONS OF ROME 141 For Chaps. VIII. and XII. BATTLE OF VILLA CORSINI, JUNE 3, AND FIRST PART OF SIEGE, JUNE 4-21 172 For Chaps. IX. and X. SECOND PART OF THE SIEGE OF ROME, JUNE 22-30 210 For Chaps. X. and XI. CENTRAL ITALY, 1848-9 374 For Chaps. IV.- VI. and XII.- XVII. Digitized by Google.

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